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Are you honest? Have you ever cheated anybody?
We discuss if honesty comes naturally to people or if it is a product of living in a social group.
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And today we've got six minutes to talk about honesty and how honest people are particularly when it comes to spending money.
what's an 'honesty box'?
Well, it's where you pay for something by putting money in a box but it's up to you to put in the right amount. A small business might use this method to take money for things like parking your car or buying a newspaper because it means you don't need a sales assistant.
But that means people could take a newspaper or park their car without paying anything! An honesty box relies on people being honest.
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Philip Graves, Psychologist and author of the book Consumerology
The question is not 'Are most consumers honest, the question is 'Are most people honest?' – And the answer to that is 'no'. We have evolved with the capacity to be dishonest. It's part of our evolutionary psychological make up – because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a greater chance of surviving. Now what's important in that is that we also benefited from being in a social group and that was important in our evolutionary past so there is a balance to strike between the extent to which we can feather our own next, so to speak, and the risk of being ostracised by the group.
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Now, if I park my car and don't pay for the parking space, I'm being dishonest, but I'm also saving money.
And Philip Graves says being dishonest is part of our 'psychological make up'. What does that mean?
Our psychological make up is the way the human mind works – the way we think.
And it makes sense to be dishonest if you gain an advantage through this behaviour. So when you take something without paying for it, you save money you can spend on something else.
So why do we place such importance on being honest then? – If we benefit from being dishonest?
Because it's selfish behaviour – which other members of our social group won't like. If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place!
societies work better if people behave co-operatively
¿ì¸®°¡ ºÎÁ¤Á÷À¸·Î ¾î¶² ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù¸é Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸¶À½Àº psychological makeupÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
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Philip Graves´Â ºÎÁ¤Á÷ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ psychological makeupÀÇ ÀϺζó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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So honesty really is the best policy then – at least most of the time!
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Vocabulary
honest
truthful
The adjective honest means truthful and not trying to cheat people.
The noun is honesty – the quality of being truthful.
the adverb 'honestly'
'Neil has a very honest face'.
Honestly, Rob, hurry up and do the second item!
cheat
trick or deceive someone to get something you want
to behave dishonestly to get what you want
consumer
person who buys things or services – for example, food or clothes.
'I am a big consumer of chocolate bars'.
'We asked UK consumers how much money they spent on food every month'?
psychological make up
the way the human mind works, the way we think
selfish
someone who only cares about themselves and not about other people
co-operatively
working together towards shared goals